唐朝
Tang Dynasty
文学与艺术
Literature and Art
唐朝时期是中国文学与艺术的黄金年代。
The Tang period was the golden age of Chinese literature and art.
由科举考试选拔出的一大批儒家文人在唐朝的管理下构成了政府系统。
A government system supported by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations were perfected under Tang rule.
唐朝的统治者更加意识到依赖于强盛的贵族世家和军阀的国家就极不稳定，
But perhaps an even greater consideration for the Tang rulers,aware that imperial dependence on powerful aristocratic families and warlords would have destabilizing consequences,
因此应该组建大量不拥有自治区或操纵力的官员。
was to create a body of career officials having no autonomous territorial or functional power base.
法令出台后，这些士大夫们在社会和家庭关系中获取了地位，
As it turned out, these scholar-officials acquired status in their local communities, family ties,
他们分享自己的价值观，使自己参与到朝廷之中。
and shared values that connected them to the imperial court.
从唐朝开始直到1911年的清朝时期，
From Tang times until the closing days of the Qing Empire in 1911,
士大夫通常扮演者联系老百姓和政府的角色。
scholar officials functioned often as intermediaries between the grassroots level and the government.